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Chosroid dynasty
The Khosro()ianni ((グルジア語:ხოსრო()იანები; ხოსრო()იანნი)), latinized as Chosroids, were a dynasty of the kings and later of the presiding princes of the early Georgian state of Iberia, natively known as Kartli, from the 4th to the 9th centuries. The family accepted Christianity as their official religion (or 319/326), and maneuvered between the Byzantine Empire and Sassanid Iran to retain a degree of independence. After the abolition of the Iberian kingship by the Sassanids c. 580, the dynasty survived in its two closely related, but sometimes competing princely branches—the elder Chosroid and the younger Guaramid—down to the early ninth century when they were succeeded by the Georgian Bagratids on the throne of Iberia.
==Origins==
According to the ''Georgian Chronicles'', the first Chosroid king Mirian III (Mihran) (ruled 284-361 AD) was installed, through his marriage to an Iberian princess Abeshura (daughter of the last Georgian Arsacid king Aspacures I), on the throne of Iberia by his father whom the Georgian chronicles refer to as "Chosroes", Great King of Iran.〔Thomson, Robert W. (1996), ''Rewriting Caucasian History: The Medieval Armenian Adaptation of the Georgian Chronicles: The Original Georgian Texts and the Armenian Adaptation'', pp. 74-5. ISBN 0-19-826373-2.〕 This being during the rule of the Sassanid dynasty over Iran, it is assumed that the Iberian dynasty might have been related to the Sassanids. However, the exact kinship between the two dynasties remains unclear. The name Chosroes (Khusraw) was not used by the Iranian Sassanids until some time later; hence, either the Georgian annals are mistaken in the name of Mirian’s father, or "Chosroes" was taken as a general term meaning "king".
Another medieval Georgian chronicle, ''Conversion of Kartli'', is at odds with the tradition of ''Life of the Kings'' of the ''Georgian Chronicles'' and identifies Mirian as the son of King Lev, successor of King Aspacures I. Lev is unattested elsewhere.〔Rapp, pp. 293-295〕
According to Cyril Toumanoff, Ehsan Yarshater, David Marshall Lang, and Pourshariati, the Chosroids were a branch of the Mihranid princely family, one of the Seven Great Houses of Iran, who were distantly related to the Sasanians, and whose two other branches were soon placed on the thrones of Gogarene and Gardman, the two Caucasian principalities where the three nations – Armenians, Albanians, and Georgians – commingled.〔Toumanoff, Cyril. Chronology of the Early Kings of Iberia. ''Traditio'' 25 (1969), p. 22.〕〔Yarshater (1983), p. 520〕〔Charles Allen Burney, David Marshall Lang Lang (1971), p. 205〕〔Pourshariati (2008), p. 44〕 The Georgian historian Giorgi Melikishvili, however, doubted the Iranian origin of the Chosroids and considered them a local dynasty that had invented a mythological foreign ancestry, not an unusual thing in feudal genealogies.〔 М. Лордкипанидзе, Д. Мусхелишвили (Ред., 1988), (Очерки истории Грузии. Т.2: Грузия в IV-X веках. ) АН ГССР, Ин-т ист., археол. и этнографии - Тб. : Мецниереба: Тип. АН ГССР.〕 Either way, the Georgian tradition might have exaggerated Mirian's pedigree so as to make him the son of the Great King of Iran.〔Rapp, Stephen H. (2003), ''Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts'', p. 154. Peeters Bvba ISBN 90-429-1318-5.〕
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